Aya mateka yo mu gihugu cya kote divuwari(Côte d’ Ivoire) agaragaza ubugome abakoroni bakoreye ubwoko bw’aba bawure aho bishwe n’abafaransa ndetse benshi babifata nk’itsembabwoko ryakorewe ubu bwoko.
Mu mwaka w’2017, Umutaliyani Fabio Viti, umwarimu muri “Universita du Modena et Reggio Emilia” (Kaminuza ya Modena na Reggio Emilia) yabaye nkuteye igisasu ,ubwo yatangazanga inyandiko yiswe “birababaje kwirengagizwa rwose muri Côte d’Ivoire”.
Ni Umwe mu bagize akanama k’ubumenyi ka Maison René Ginouvès uzwi cyane, ashinzwe ubushakashatsi n’ubucukumbuzi bw’amoko muri Kaminuza za (Paris Panthéon -Sorbonne na Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense), uyu mushakashatsi yize cyane ku bya gisirikare mu gihe cy’ubukoroni.
Ibyo yabonye ni byinshi, amakuru yasobanuwe ni ubugome kandi nk’uko abivuga ku bushake bwo kugirango Afurika yibuke ibyayibayeho mu gihe cyo guharanira ubwigenge ,agira ati “amatwi n’amaguru byaciwe, gucibwa umutwe, kwica abagore n’abana, iyicarubozo ryo mu gihe cy’ubukoroni ryari riteye agahinda. Fabio Viti atangaza ko “hasigaye guhishurwa bumenyi bw’abakurambere babo barwanyaga ubukoloni muri Cote d’Ivoire.
Ufatiye muri rusange, imyigaragambyo yarakomeje mu myaka irenga makumyabiri, rimwe na rimwe kandi idahagarara, iherekeza amateka y’abakoloni kuva yashingwa ku mugaragaro mu 1893 ndetse na mbere yaho kugeza mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose.
Muri iyi myivumbagatanyo y’igihe gito, ingabo z’abakoloni zagombaga guhangana n’ubwami bwa Samori Touré (1895-1898) mu majyaruguru, kugeza igihe Baoulé yarwanyaga abakoroini (hagati ya 1891 na 1911) na Abure (Abouré) (1894), ku baturage ba Gawuro, Dida na Bete (Gouro, Dida et Bété) bo mu Burengerazuba (1912-1915), n’ abaturage batuye i Dani,Towura na Webo (Dan, Toura et Wèbo) nabo bo mu Burengerazuba (1913) n’abandi benshi. Tutabariyemo ibikorwa bya nyuma byibasiye Robi(Lobi) yo mu majyaruguru y’Iburasirazuba
icyo gihe byarakomeje kugeza 1920 ndetse n’igihombo kinini k’uruhande rw’abakoloni, mu baturage ba rekarisitara(recalcitrant) bo mu majyepfo no mu mashyamba yo mu gice cya koritedivuwari(Coryte d’Ivoire), nabyo bigomba kumenyekana hamwe na Abbey, intwari zari ziri mu myigaragambyo yateguwe neza, yatangiye muri Mutarama 1910.
Iyi ntambara yibasiye cyane cyane imidugudu itatu, umwe witwa Diyape (Diapé),wahitwaga Atiye (Attié) undi witwaga Makundiye (Makoundié), nawo whitwaga Abeyi (Abbey). igitutu gikaze cyibasiye cyane cyane abaturage batari bafite intwaro, barimo abasaza, abagore n’abana, ndetse n’impinja.
Icyo gihe byagaragaje umwuka ukomeye kwihorera ku ruhande rw’ingabo z’abakoloni mu buryo ndengakamere, ariko byakorwaga nabitwaga ingabo za leta muri icyo gihe ndetse nibo bari inyuma y’ubwo bwicanye bwibasiye iyo midugudu. Ubu bwicanyi, mu byukuri, bwakomeje kuva mu 1908 kugeza mu 1915 buyobowe na guverineri wungirije Liyetona Gaburiheli Anguruva (Gabriel Angoulvant). Uyu mu yobozi kandi bivugwa ko ari nawe wishe F.-J. Clozel wamubanjirije mu gikorwa yise “kugarurira amahoro mu baturage.
Intandaro y’imirwano
Bivugwa ko muri kariya gace karumbuka cyane, abaturage bari bahatuye harimo abimukira n’abahinzi bari bamaze gushyirwaho abasirikare babagenzaga umunsi ku munsi kuko batekerezaga ko abaturage bari bayobowe na Attié na Abbey ,ntacyo bari bamaze mu babakoloni b’abafaransa kuko babafataga nk’abanebwe.
Ikindi kandi, kurandurwa kwabo ngo byari bifite ishingiro kuko ntacyo bashoboraga Gutanga mu rwego rw’umutekano cyangwa ubuzima busanzwe, n’ubukungu. Nyamara izo mpaka zashoboraga kugira icyo zitanga iyo haza kuboneka ubuyobozi bwiza bwumva abaturage, nibwo nyuma yigihe gito mu gace ka Atiye abaturage barambiwe uburyo bari bayobowe mo bafashe iyambere bajya mumayira barigaragambya karahava.
Kuberako ako gace bari barakisize mu mutwe hoherejweyo ingabo z’ubufaransa zihabwa amabwiriza yo guhana yihanukiriye uwo ariwe wese bakekaho igitekerezo cyo kwigaragambya.
Bivugwa ko ngo izo ngabo zikigerayo zakoze iyo bwabaga maze zirimbura umuturage zidasize n’uhetswe mu mugongo, bamwe bamanikwaga ku biti bakajombwa ibisongo, abandi bagacibwa amatwi, bakanogorwamo amaso, ndetse banabakata imitwe n’ibitsina ku bagabo abagore bagafatwa ku ngufu.
Ibi ninabyo byaje kuba hanyuma nanone mugace ka bawure naho ubwo habaga ubwicanyi ndenga kamere ariko butigeze bumenyekana mu mateka y’igihugu cya kotidivuwari kuburyo ngo kugeza nanubu ingaruka zayo marorerwa ateye agahinda yabasirikare b’Abafaransa bari muri kariya gace, aracyahari.
Niba iyicwa ry’umufaransa Rubino n’inyeshyamba za Abbey ryarushijeho kwiyongera kandi kugeza na n’ubu rikaba ryaravuzwe cyane n’Abanyorutsi(Ivoiriens) ubwabo mu bitabo by’amateka yabo, dushobora gutangazwa n’uko ubwicanyi bwa Diapé na Makoundié, bwabaye ku ba abanyorutsi muri Kamena 1910 byacecetswe.
Uruganda rwo kwubaka imitekerereze rwatangiye mu gihe cy’ubwigenge, abaruhanze bakunze kwizera ko ubukoloni bwari uruzi rurerure, rutuje ruzana ubukristu n’iterambere mu birabura, twavuga ko ari ikinyoma kinini mu mateka.
Ahubwo bazanye Itsembabwoko ryoroheje n’irikabije bashingiye ku ivangura mu bihugu bya Africa ,muri ibyo bihugu, Côte d’Ivoire ntiyarokotse. Gusa hano, bisa nkaho bidashimishije. Ahandi hose, byatwaye imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe nabashakashatsi n’amateka, ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso no kubihakana.
Amategeko y’Ubufaransa N ° 2001-70 yo ku ya 29 Mutarama 2001 yemejwe muri aya magambo: “Ubufaransa bwemera ku mugaragaro jenoside yo muri Arumeniya yo mu 1915. ”yonyine.
Abantu bibagiwe amateka yabo ni abantu badafite indangagaciro za Kimuntu. RIP kubantu bahohotewe ba Diapé na Mankoudié.
Tuyisingize Nazard
