Ijambo “talban” risobanuye ngo “umunyeshuri”, cyangwa se umuntu ushakisha ubumenyi. Abatalibani bategetse Afuganisitani kuva mu mwaka w’1996 kugeza mu 2001 aho bashyizeho ubutegetsi bugendera ku mahame akarishye y’idini ya kiyisilamu azwi nka sharia.
Intangiriro y’Abatalibani ni iyihe?
Abatalibani bari mu matsinda yarwanaga mu ntambara yashyamiranije abanyagihugu muri Afuganistani mu myaka ya za 1990, nyuma y’aho Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti ziviriye muri icyo gihugu,
Iryo tsinda ryavutse mu mwaka w’1994 hafi y’umujyi wa Kandahar, mu majyepfo y’Afuganistani. Uwarishinze yitwaga Mollah Mohammad Omar, wari umukuru cyangwa se Imana w’abayisilamu bo muri uwo mujyi. Uyu ni nawe wakomeje kuribera umuyobozi kugeza aho apfiriye mu mwaka w’2013.
Amerika ihuriyehe n’Abatalibani?
Mu ntangiriro, abatalibani binjizaga abarwanyi babakuye mu bahoze ari indwanyi z’abanyafuganistani bo mu mutwe w’aba moudjahidine, bari bashyigikiwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu ntambara bahanganagamo n’ingabo z’abasoviyeti mu myaka y’1980.
Ubutegetsi bw’Abatalibani babugezeho bate?
Nyuma y’igenda ry’ingabo z’Abasoviyeti mu mwaka w’1989 n’isenyuka rya leta yariho muri Afuganistani ryakurikiyeho, igihugu cyashegeshwe n’intambara yashyamiranyije abanyagihugu. Abatalibani baje gushyigikirwa cyane ubwo bizezaga ko bagiye kugarura ibintu mu buryo no kugarura ubutabera. Mu mwaka w’1994, babashije kwigarurira umujyi wa Kandahar nta mirwano ikomeye ibaye, hanyuma mu mwaka w’1996, bigarurira umurwa mukuru Kaboul.
Ibyiyumviro by’Abatalibani byari ibihe?
Abatalibani bategeka bagendeye ku mahame akarishye y’idini ya Isilamu-Sharia. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwabo, kwicira abantu mu ruhame no kuhabakubitira byari byiganje. Abagore muri rusange ntibagiraga uburenganzira bwo kujya mu mirimo cyangwa se kwiga, kandi bari bategetswe kwambara umwitandiro uhisha igice cyose cy’isura uzwi nka burqa igihe cyose bari mu ruhame,
Abatalibani baciye ibitabo ndetse na filimi zo mu bihugu by’Uburengerazuba bw’isi (Uburayi n’Amerika), ndetse basenya ibintu byose bijyanye n’imico gakondo, harimo ibibumbano binini bya Bouddha byari bimaze imyaka igera ku 1,500 mu kibaya cyo rwagati mu gihugu cya Bamiyan.
Bahuriye hehe na Al Qaida?
Abatalibani baje gucumbikira umutwe w’iterabwoba wa Al-Qaida, wategekwaga icyo gihe n’umunyarabiya Sawudite Oussama Ben Laden, ubu utakiriho. Al-Qaida yashinze ibigo byo gutorezamo abarwanyi muri Afuganistani, ari nabyo yifashishije mu gutegura ibitero by’iterabwoba mu isi yose, harimo ibitero byo kuwa 11 Nzeri 2001 byibasiye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Bavuye k’ubutegetsi bate?
Nyuma y’igihe kitageze ku kwezi habaye ibitero byo kuwa 11 Nzeri, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’inshuti zayo bateye Afuganistani hari ku butegetsi bwa George W. Bush. Nyuma yo guhirika abatalibani, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yatangiye gukorana n’abanya Afuganistani mu kugarura leta igendera ku mahame ya demukarasi.
Haherutse iki?
Nyuma y’aho batsindiwe, abakuru b’abatalibani bahunze bagana mu birindiro byo mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba bw’Afuganistani abandi bahungira muri Pakistani. Uyu mutwe wakomeje kugaba ibitero kuri leta nshya yari ishyigikiwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Mu mwaka w’2020, leta y’Amerika yari iyobowe na Donald Trump yagiranye ibiganiro bigamije amasezerano n’abatalibani bari bamaze imyaka irenga 20 mu ntambara muri Afuganistani,
Ayo masezerano yashyiragaho ingengabihe yo gucyura ingabo z’Amerika hanyuma abatalibani nabo bagahagarika ibitero ku banyamerika, bakanatangira kugirana ibiganiro na leta y’Afuganistani. Hagati aho, ibiganiro byamaze amezi hagati y’abatalibani na leta y’Afuganistani ntibyashoboye kugeza ku masezerano y’amahoro.
Ni ibihe bihugu byemeye Abatalibani?
Leta zibarirwa ku ntoki zirimo Pakistani, Emira Ziyunze z’Abarabu n’Arabiya Sawudite ni zo zemeraga ubutegetsi bw’abatalibani ubwo bategekaga kuva mu mwaka w’1996 kugeza mu mwaka w’2001,
Ubu nabwo rero ntabwo bizwi neza niba ibihugu byinshi bizemera leta nshya y’abatalibani: icyakora, minisitri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Amerika, Bwana Antony Blinken, mu kwezi gushize yatangaje ko Afuganistani izashyirwa mu kato niba abatalibani bafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu kandi bagakora amahano.
Uwineza Adeline
