Kuwa 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka Abakristu b’isi yose bizihiza umunsi mukuru wa Noheli, umunsi bibukaho ivuka rya Nyagasani Yezu kristu, wabayeho mu myaka irenga ibihumbi bibiri ishize.
Uyu munsi mukuru uba buri mwaka usanga abantu benshi bawiteguye k’uburyo butandukanye, bagategura impano zitandukanye, ndetse abandi bagategura amafunguro atandukanye n’ayo bari bamaze iminsi bategura.
Aha niho benshi bahera bibaza inkomoko y’uyu munsi udasa n’iyindi, ndetse bamwe bakibaza niba ku Isi yose wizihizwa k’uburyo bumwe.
Mu busanzwe ijambo Noheli rifite inkomoko mu rurimi rw’igifaransa “Noël”, naryo rigakomoka mu rurimi rw’ikilatini “Natalis” bisobanura “Amavuka”. Mu cyongereza bikaba “Christmas” ndetse bamwe bagakunda kwandika “Xmas” aho inyuguti ya “X” isobanura “Christ” (Kristu), kwandika “Xmass” nk’impine ya Christmass byatangiye mu kinyejana cya 16.
Umunsi mukuru wa Noheli wizihizwa n’abakiristu kuwa 25 Ukuboza buri mwaka, hibukwa ivuka rya Yezu/ Yesu Kristu wavukiye i Betelehemu. Kuri uyu munsi, abakiristu bajya mu nsengero mu rwego rwo kuwizihiza ndetse hakabaho no kwishimana n’imiryango yabo ndetse n’inshuti.
Noheli ni umunsi uhuza abantu
Mu rwego rwo kwitegura uyu munsi, hirya no hino ku Isi abantu bagura impano zitandukanye zo gutanga, guteka amafunguro batari basanzwe bateka ndetse no kwishimana n’inshuti zabo ndetse n’abavandimwe batibagiwe no kujya mu nsengero bibuka ivuka ry’umukiza Yezu/ Yesu Kristu.
Inkomoko y’uyu munsi benshi bafata nk’usumba iyindi ni iyihe?
Hari amakuru avuga ko iyi taliki ya 25 Ukuboza yaba ifitanye isano n’umunsi mukuru wizihizwaga mu bwami by’Abaromani, nk’umunsi w’ivuka ry’izuba ritaneshwa bishimira ko izuba ryongeye kuboneka.
Uyu munsi watangiye kwizihizwa nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko ahagana mu kinyejana cya 4. Noheli yizihijwe bwa mbere kuwa 25 Ukuboza mu mwaka wa 336 nyuma y’ivuka rya Yezu/ Yesu mu bwami bw’Abaromani.
Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 3 cyangwa icya 4, nibwo uyu munsi mukuru wa Noheli watangiye kwizihizwa nk’umunsi abantu bibukaho ivuka ry’umukiza Yezu/ Yesu Kristu byemejwe n’umwami w’Abaromani, Constantin nyuma biza gushimangirwa na Papa Liberius.
Hari bamwe bavuga ko impamvu yatumye uyu munsi mukuru wa Noheli wizihizwa kuwa 25 Ukuboza, kwari ukugira ngo uhuzwe n’umunsi wafatwaga nk’umunsi wa gipagani mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abantu guhinduka, maze bakaba abakirisitu.
Ese uyu munsi mukuru wa Noheli wizihizwa gute hirya no hino ku isi?
Hirya no hino ku Isi, mu bihugu bitandukanye, uyu munsi ufatwa nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko, ariko hari bimwe mu bihugu bidafata uyu munsi nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko, ibyo bihugu harimo nka Afuganistani, Ubushinwa (uvanyemo imijyi ya Hong Kong na Macau), Irani, u Buyapani, Mongolia, Maroke, Pakistani, Viyetinamu n’ibindi.
Noheli ni umunsi wizihizwa n’abatari bake hirya no hino ku isi
Uyu munsi kandi wizihizwa bitandukanye bitewe n’umuco w’igihugu runaka, aho usanga uko wizihizwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bitandukanye n’uko bigenda mu Budage, u Burusiya cyangwa u Buyapani.
Urugero ni nko mu Budage, mu rwego rwo kwizihiza uyu munsi abantu bahana impano mu ijoro ribanziriza Noheli, aho kuba ku munsi wa Noheli nyirizina. Uyu muco ukaba waraturutse kuri Martin Luther, wavugaga ko Noheli igomba kuba umunsi wibukwaho ivuka rya Yezu/Yesu Kristu aho kuba umunsi wo guhana impano.
Mu Budage kandi niho havuye ibyo kuzana ibiti bya Noheli mu mazu y’abantu, aho ibi biti by’umutako byazanwaga mu ijoro ribanziriza Noheli maze bigategurwaho imitako itandukanye rwihishwa n’umubyeyi w’umugore ku bw’abana be.
Muri Polonye, ifunguro ry’umunsi wa Noheli ritangwa mu ijoro ribanziriza Noheli nyuma y’umunsi wo kwiyiriza. Buri muryango kandi utegura ifunguro rigizwe n’ibiribwa 12 bishushanya intumwa 12 za Yezu/Yesu Kristu.
Mu bihugu bitandukanye byo ku mugabane w’uburayi harimo nka Noruveje, impano za Noheli zitangwa mu ijoro ribanziriza Noheli.
Mu gihugu cy’u Buyapani kubera umubare mucye w’abakirisitu bahaba, ntabwo uyu munsi ufatwa nk’umunsi w’ikiruhuko muri iki gihugu. Mu Buyapani Noheli ifatwa nk’igihe cyo gusangiza abandi ibyishimo, abantu bagahana impano ndetse bagakora n’ibirori.
Mu Rwanda, mu rwego rwo kwitegura uyu munsi cyane cyane abakiristu bawizihiza, bajya mu nsengero zitandukanye mu ijoro ribanziriza Noheli, ndetse no ku munsi nyirizina. Hirya no hino kandi, usanga abantu bajya mu masoko kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye harimo nk’imyambaro mishya ndetse n’ibiribwa bitandukanye.
Ngayo amavu n’amavuko y’umunsi mukuru wa Noheli duhimbaza buri mwaka.
Adeline Uwineza
Rwandatribune.com
