Taliki ya 01 Gashyantare, u Rwanda rwizihizwa umunsi ngaruka mwaka w’Intwali z’ u Rwanda wahariwe kuzirikana ubutwari bw’izo ntwali zitangiye u Rwanda.
Intwari zibukwa mu rwego rwo guhabwa icyubahiro ndetse hagamijwe no gutera ishyaka abakiri bato kugirango bakurane bazirikana ibikorwa by’ubutwari byagirira abandi umumaro.
Kuri uyu munsi w’itariki ya 1 Gashyantare ni umunsi buri mwaka u Rwanda rwahariye abakoze ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa, ni n’igihe kandi hakorwa ibikorwa byo kuzirikana izi Ntwali ndetse n’ ibiganiro bigaruka ku mateka yaziranze ndetse zinahabwa icyubahiro.
Intwari z’u Rwanda zigabanyije mu byiciro bitatu: Imanzi,Imena n’Ingenzi.
Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imanzi: Uru rwego rurimo intwali zitakiriho.
Ingabo itazwi izina:
Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.
Ingabo itazwi izina ihagarariye ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.
Imva y’Ingabo Itazwi izina ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.
Maj Gen. Fred Gisa Rwigema:
Maj Gen. Fred Rwigema yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957. Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba yari amaze gutangiza rwo kubohora u Rwanda.
Mu bwana bwe, yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye bava iwabo mu Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo. Yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Kwame Nkurumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidèle Castro.
Maj. Gen. Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri NRA nko kuba Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Deputy Army Commander), Minisitiri Wungirije w’Ingabo (Deputy Minister for Defense) n’Umugaba Mukuru w’imirwano (Overall Operations Commander).
Muri iyo mirwano yose yo mu mahanga, Fred Rwigema yari umusirikare nyakuri, w’intangarugero mu mikorere n’imyifatire, kugira ikinyabupfura no kubahiriza amategeko.
Ariko, muri byose yahozaga u Rwanda ku mutima, adahwema kuvuga ko “kubohora u Rwanda ari ngombwa”. Fred Rwigema yaranzwe n’ubupfura n’ubuhanga, kuba umunyakuri, areba kure, azi kwihangana, yubaha bose, ategekesha urugero, akunda umuco wa kinyarwanda n’imikino aba umuhuza w’abantu. Yabaye urugero rwo kwitanga no gukunda igihugu bihebuje.
Maj. Gen. Fred Gisa Rwigema aho yabaye hose yarwanyije akarengane, arwanya ikibi atitaye ku ngaruka byamugiraho. Yari azi ubukana bw’intambara ariko ntiyatinya kuyobora iyari iruhije kurusha izindi ari yo yo kubohora u Rwanda.
Urwego rw’Imena
Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre:
Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre wabaye umwami w’u Rwanda mu 1931-1959. Yagize umutima ukomeye kandi ucyeye, ntiyatinya guhangana n’Ababiligi bari bamufiteho ububasha bukomeye, aharanira ubwigenge bw’Igihugu cyane cyane nyuma y’umwaka wa 1952. Yaharaniye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.
Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abakiri bato.
Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda: ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba abapadiri b’abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga za Ecoles Laïques, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.
Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga «kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera».
Michel Rwagasana:
Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye. Iyi mirimo yose yerekana ko yagirirwaga icyizere kubera ubunyangamugayo n’umwete bye, yabaye umukozi wa Leta Mbiligi i Bujumbura, yabaye umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho muri 1954, yanabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa.
Yongeye kugaragaza ubwitange bwe buhebuje mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi akomeza iy’ubuyobozi agerageza kugarura ituze mu gihugu cyari kigabijwe n’abicanyi. Ntawashidikanya ko ari umwe mu bagore b’Abanyarwanda baharaniye uburenganzira bw’Umunyarwandakazi.
Niyitegeka Félicité:
Yishwe ku italiki ya 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi.
Mu mibereho ye, Niyitegeka Félicité yerekanye bwa butwari bwa buri munsi mu mirimo umuntu aba ashinzwe, haba mu byerekeye kwigisha no kurera, mu gucunga umutungo w’ibigo yakozemo, haba mu kuyobora abinjiraga mu muryango w’abafasha b’ubutumwa no gufasha abatishoboye. Ibyo byose yabigi Babereye Abanyarwanda muri rusange n’urubyiruko by’umwihariko, urugero rw’urukundo, rwo kurwanya amacakubiri no kwitangira uburenganzira bwa muntu.r
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange:
Abemezwaho ubutwari ni abari mu cyigo cy’i Nyange mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 Werurwe 1997 mu ishuri ry’uwa gatandatu n’uwa gatanu igihe abacengezi bateraga icyo kigo ari abapfuye ari n’abatarapfuye iryo joro.
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange baharaniye ku mugaragaro amahame y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kugeza aho bamwe babizira babizi, bemera guhara ubuzima bwabo aho kwivangura, bakavuga ko bose ari Abanyarwanda.
Urwego rw’Ingenzi:
Ingenzi ni cyo cyiciro cya gatatu cy’ intwari mu Rwanda, kikaba gikurikira Imena. Giteganyirizwa abantu bahize abandi mu bikorwa, mu bitekerezo no mu mibereho, bakabera abandi urugero ruhanitse rw’ ubwitange no kugira akamaro gakomeye.
Muri iki cyiciro nta muntu wari washyirwamo.
Haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi buri mwaka ku bandi bantu bashyirwa muri ibi byiciro by’intwari hakurikijwe ibikorwa by’ubutwari bakoze nyuma y’ubusesenguzi bw’Inzego nkuru z’Igihugu ndetse harasabwa buri munyarwanda wese waba azi umuntu waranzwe n’ibikorwa by’ubutwari ko yamutangaho kandidatire maze abakoze ibikorwa by’indashikirwa ntibibagirane mu mateka y’ u Rwanda.
Rafiki Karimu
Rwandatribune.com
