Ubwonko ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’umubiri. Kimwe nizindi ngingo zose, zigenda zihinduka uko zisaza. Nubwo izi mpinduka zisanzwe, rimwe na rimwe zitera impungenge. Reka turebe neza ibiranga ubwonko mu myaka itandukanye, twibanda kumyumvire no kwibuka.
Mu myaka ya mbere y’ubuzima, ubwonko bugira imikurire yihuse. Ariko, ku myaka 30, ubwonko butangira kugabanuka. Ibice nka lobe y’imbere na hippocampus, ishinzwe imirimo yo kumenya, bigabanuka cyane kuruta utundi duce. Byongeye kandi, itumanaho hagati y’imyakura ntirikora neza, gutembera kw’amaraso bikagabanuka.
Izi mpinduka zose zishobora kuba zifitanye isano n’ibibazo by’ubuzima nk’indwara z’umutima na diyabete. Birashobora kandi guhindura imikorere yo mu mutwe, ndetse no mubantu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza. Nyamara, nubwo izo mpinduka, ubwonko bugumana ubushobozi bwo guhinduka bitewe n’igihe, ndetse bikwirakwira vuba mubice bimwe byingenzi.
Bitewe n’imyaka umuntu agezemo, ibikorwa bimwe by’ingenzi bishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Inshingano zisaba gutunganya amakuru vuba, gucunga ibintu byinshi icyarimwe, no kwibuka amakuru mashya bishobora kugorana. Ushobora gutangira gutakaza ubushobozi bwawe bwo mu mutwe, ndetse bigatuma uko wakoraga mbere bigabanyuka.
Ibibazo byo kwibuka nabyo birasanzwe mubantu bakuze. Ibi bishobora kubamo ingorane zo kuvuga ibiri ukuri, bikagufata igihe kirekire utekereza kugira ngo ukore imibare, cyangwa kwibagirwa ibyo wari ugiye gukora n’ibindi. Ubugenzuzi buto bwagaragaje ko ari ibisanzwe kandi bitagomba gutera impungenge. Ariko, niba bibaye kenshi bikabangamira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi, ni byiza kugisha inama inzobere mu buzima.
Hari itsinda ry’abantu bita “super-agers” bafite ubushobozi bwo kwibuka butangaje, bungana nabakiri bato cyane. Izi superagers muri rusange ni abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 80 ubwonko bwabo bufite imiterere itandukanye. Ubwonko bwabo ni bunini, bugumana umubyimba usanzwe, kandi imyakura yabo ifite ubuzima bwiza kuruta uko byari byitezwe kumyaka yabo.
Nubwo hakiri ibigomba guhinduka kugirango umuntu agere kubushobozi budasanzwe bwo kwibuka, biragaragara ko superagers benshi bakomeza guhuza ibikorwa. Icyo bakora ni ukwitabira ibikorwa bibaha umunezero, no kwishyira hamwe mu bikorwa bibafasha gukangura ubwenge.
Nubwo ibikorwa bimwe by’ubwonko bishobora guhungabanwa n’imyaka umuntu agezemo, ubuhanga bwururimi burashobora gukomeza kuba bwiza cyangwa no gutera imbere. Kurugero, ubushobozi bwo kubona amakuru yabitswe mubwonko bwawe igihe kirekire bishoboka. Ibiganiro bivanzemo udukino, hamwe nudukino nabyo bishobora gufasha.
Igishimishije, amagambo yo ntagira imyaka aguma kwiyongera. No mu myaka za mirongo inani, abantu bamwe basanga amagambo yabo akomeje kwiyongera. Ariko, ubushobozi bwo guhita babona ijambo ryukuri bushobora kugabanuka. Biragoye cyane kubona vuba amakuru yihariye mu bumenyi bwose bubitswe mu bwonko bwawe.
Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko abantu bakuze (imyaka 60) muri rusange bavuga ko bafite ubuzima bwiza bijyanye namarangamutima kuruta abakuze cyane cyangwa abakiri bato. Abantu bakuze akenshi bafite imyumvire itandukanye kandi bagashyira imbere cyane ibyingenzi kuri bo. Imikorere yabo yamarangamutima akenshi ifasha ubwonko bwabo binyuze mubuzima bwabo nubwenge mugukemura ibibazo bitandukanye.
Byinshi mu byifuzo byo gutezimbere ubuzima bw’ubwonko bikubiyemo gukuza umubiri rusange n’ubuzima bw’umutima. Ibirasabwa cyane, ni ukwita ku byo turya bikaba byuzuyemo intungamubiri, no kwirinda kunywa inzoga nyinshi. Byongeye kandi, gukomeza kuzirikana kwiga ibintu bishya, no kwikoresha imyitozo, byose ni ibikorwa byingirakamaro kubuzima bw’ubwonko.
Nibisanzwe ko ubwonko bugira impinduka uko dusaza. Imikorere imwe yo kumenya ndetse no kwibuka ishobora kugabanuka, ariko indi ishobora kuguma idahwitse. Kandi ni ngombwa kumva ko ‘kwibagirwa bito hamwe nimpinduka zoroheje akenshi ari ibisanzwe kandi ntibigomba gutera impungenge’.
Ariko, niba uhangayikishijwe n’ubushobozi bwawe bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ukabona impinduka zikomeye, ihutire kugisha inama inzobere mu by’ubuzima. Kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, gukomeza kwaguka mu bitekerezo, imibanire myiza, bishobora kugufasha kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ubwonko mu buzima bwawe bwose.
Florentine Icyitegetse
Rwandatribune.com
