Abanyafurika y’Epfo bazindukiye mu matora ya mbere y’ingenzi cyane abayeho kuva ubutegetsi bw’ivanguramoko bwa b’abazungu (apartheid) bwarangira mu mwaka wa 1994.
Abantu bangana na miliyoni 27 ni bo biyandikishije muri aya matora , agaragaza gukomeza gucikamo ibice muri politiki nyuma y’iyi myaka 30 ishize y’ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi.
Mu buryo butari bwarigeze bubaho, amashyaka 70 n’abakandida bigenga 11 barimo guhatana muri aya matora, azaha Abanyafurika y’Epfo inteko ishingamategeko nshya, n’inteko icyenda zishingamategeko zo ku rwego rw’intara.
Inzobere mu bya politiki Richard Calland nkuko yabitangarije BBC ati: “Ukwiyongera cyane kw’amashyaka kugaragaza gutenguhwa n’amashyaka abiri manini amaze igihe kirekire, cyangwa, abatabyemera ni ko bo bavuga, ko abantu barimo gushaka umwanya wo kugera mu nteko ishingamategeko ngo bizere kuzabona amafaranga y’izabukuru [pansiyo].
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Ishyaka rya ANC (African National Congress), riri ku butegetsi kuva Nelson Mandela wamenyekanye cyane mu kurwanya apartheid yarigeza ku ntsinzi ubwo apartheid yarangiraga, ririmo gushaka manda ya karindwi ku butegetsi kandi ryizeye intsinzi mu buryo budasubirwaho
Gusa benshi bakomeje kuvuga ko iri shyaka rizatakaza ubwiganze bwaryo mu nteko ishingamategeko, ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka yaryo, bigatuma biba ngombwa ko ryinjira mu rugaga rw’ andi mashyaka atavuga rumwe
Hakomeje kuvugwa ko kandi nta matora ataziguye ya perezida abaho – inteko ishingamategeko nshya ihitamo perezida, ubusanzwe uba ari umukuru w’ishyaka ryagize ubwiganze mu majwi yavuye mu matora.
Ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza byari byiganjemo ruswa ivugwa henshi muri leta, ubushomeri buri ku kigero cyo hejuru cyane, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko, serivisi zigenewe abaturage zirimo kurushaho kwangirika n’ubugizi bwa nabi buri ku kigero cyo hejuru.
Ishyaka rya DA (Democratic Alliance), rya mbere rikomeye mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, ryagiranye amasezerano n’andi mashyaka 10, bemeranya gushyiraho leta y’urugaga bahuriyemo, mu gihe baba babonye amajwi ahagije yo gukura ANC ku butegetsi. Ariko ibi bisa nk’ibidashoboka na gato kuko ANC yitezwe gukomeza kuba ishyaka rinini cyane, bikarishyira mu mwanya uhamye cyane wo kuyobora urugaga. Mu matora y’ubushize, ANC yabonye amajwi 57.5%, ugereranyije na DA yabonye amajwi 21%.
Uwahoze ari Perezida Jacob Zuma yaratunguranye cyane mu Kuboza (12) mu mwaka ushize, ubwo yatangazaga ko avuye muri ANC akiyamamaza mu ishyaka rishya, ryitwa uMkhonto weSizwe (MK), bisobanuye Icumu ry’Igihugu. Nubwo yangiwe kwiyamamaza mu nteko ishingamategeko kubera ko yahamwe no gusuzugura urukiko, izina rye ni ho hahandi riragaragara ku rupapuro rw’itora nk’umukuru wa MK.
Ibitejerezo byinshi bigaragaza ko ishyaka rya MK rishobora kugira amajwi hafi 10%. Ryitezwe kwitwara neza by’umwihariko mu ntara Zuma avukamo ya KwaZulu-Natal, aharangwa ubushyamirane bwinshi, ndetse byatangajwe ko habereye ibikorwa bicye by’urugomo mu kwiyamamaza.
Abagore bagize 55% by’abiyandikishije bashaka gutora, naho urebeye mu kigero cy’imyaka, benshi mu biyandikishije gutora ni abafite hagati y’imyaka 30 na 39. Ariko kandi umubare munini ntiwitabiriye amatora ahanini bishora kuba biterwa no gutakariza guverinoma icyizere.
Iki gitekerezo cyemejwe na Keabetswe Maleka, w’imyaka 29, utuye i Soweto, aha ni ho hari izingiro ry’imyivumbagatanyo y’abanyeshuri yo mu 1976 yo kurwanya Apartheid nkuko yabitangarije BBC, yavuze ko atazatora kubera serivisi mbi zigenewe rubanda, no kubera ko ari umushomeri.
Naho undi muturage w’i Soweto, Mawela Rezant w’imyaka 66, yavuze ko rwose azatora kuko yizeye ko ubutegetsi buzajyaho buzahangana n’ubushomeri n’ubugizi bwa nabi.
Yongeyeho ati: “Nizeye kubona ubukungu bwacu bwiyongera. Nizeye kubona polisi iri mu kazi ku bwinshi.”
Abapolisi n’abasirikare bagabwe ku biro by’itora mu gihugu, mu gutuma amatora aba mu mahoro, no kugira ngo impapuro z’itora ntizibwe.
NIYOGISUBIZO Cynthia
