Nubwo hashyizweho amategeko n’amabwiriza asaba abubaka guteganya inzira y’abafite ubumuga, bamwe muri bo baracyahura n’ingorane zo kubona serivisi muri zimwe mu nyubako; zaba iza Leta, iz’abantu ku giti cyabo n’izikorerwamo n’imiryango itari iya Leta. Mu buhamya batanga, harimo n’abo bitorohera gukorera muri zo nubwo bahabona akazi.
Mu mwaka wa 2012, nibwo hasohotse itegeko N°10/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rigena imitunganyirize y’imijyi n’imyubakire mu Rwanda. Mu ngingo yaryo ya 28 hatenijwemo uko abantu bafite ubumuga bagomba kwakirwa mu nyubako zose.
Riti, “Inyubako rusange zigomba kubakwa ku buryo zakira kandi zigakoreshwa n’abantu bafite ubumuga”.
Muri Kamena uwo mwaka kandi, nibwo Ikigo cy’u Rwanda Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Imiturire (Rwanda Housing Authority-RHA) cyasohoye amabwiriza agena”Ibyangombwa bigenerwa abafite ubumuga mu nyubako rusange”, hifashishijwe “amabwiriza agenga igenzura ry’imyubakire mu Rwanda”.
Ingingo ya 3.3.15.2 y’ayo mabwiriza igira iti, “nyiri inzu agomba guteganya uburyo bunoze bwo korohereza abantu bafite ubumuga; aba barimo abagendera mu igare ry’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’abafite ubumuga bw’ingingo, iyo bazamuka cyangwa bamanuka ingazi, iyo baturutse hanze y’inyubako bagana ku muryango w’ibanze, ndetse n’iyo baturutse ahateganyirijwe imodoka mu nyubako bagana ku muryango w’ibanze, ibyo kandi bikubahirizwa igihe cyose, kabone niyo umuryango w’ibanze w’inyubako waba uherereye ahagana hasi cyangwa se ahagana hejuru muri etaji iyo ariyo yose”.
Ubuhamya bw’abafite ubumuga
Umwe mu bafite ubumuga akirangiza mu itangazamakuru yagiye gusaba akazi kuri amwe mu maradio akorera mu karere ka Musanze, ariko hose agamburuzwa n’amadarajya ahaboneka. Yayakubise amaso asubirayo kuko yabonaga atayazamuka buri munsi ngo abivemo.
Uyu mwari agira ati, “Nubwo ntashoboye kujya gutara amakuru buri munsi ariko kwicara muri studio nkakora ikiganiro nabishobora ariko banakampaye kuzamuka ariya masikaliye mu gitondo nkayamanuka ntashye nabyo ntibyanyorohera nawe urabibona.”
Undi bahuje umwuga agira ati, “ubu se ntujya ubona ukuntu nahagira, ibaze rero ku muntu mukuru, wallah ndavunika. Uzi kuzamuka escaliers zo mu Nteko, wari wajya mu biro by’Akarere ka Huye! Tekereza nko kujya kwaka service ku masaha akuze ku zuba ! Hari n’ahantu kwa muganga ziba.”
Iyo adatumye arazibukira akabihomberamo
Uyu mugabo ugendera mu kagare yize ibijyanye n’ubukungu, ariko yatsinze ikizamini cyanditse, bigeze mu cyo kuvuga asanga kibera hejuru, bagomba guterura igare rye. Mu buhamya bwe, avuga ko byamuteye ipfunwe guterurwa, agera mu kizami yataye impagarike.
Ati, “N’ubundi hanze numvaga Diregiteri avuga ko bazajya banterura uko nshatse kujya mu bwiherero, mpita ntakaza icyizere cyo kubona akazi.”
Naho mugenzi we avuga ko yakoze ikiraka I Nyamirambo, ariko umunsi wo guhembwa asanga abacungamutungo bakorera mu itaje ya kabiri.
Ati, “Hari escalliers nka 30, narazamutse ngera kuya 10, numva mu maguru biranze ndicara. Ku bw’amahirwe abo badamu bambereye imfura, bansangisha impapuro hasi ndasinya barampemba”.
Naho uyu mudamu ugendera mu mbago, we anafitiye impuhwe abafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bagana amabanki, bagasanga guichets zibasumba bikabagora.
Anavuga ko hari n’inyubako bashyiraho inzira zo kwikiza, zihanamye cyane, ngo ugasanga ntaho itaniye n’amadarajya. Atanga urugero rwo ku biro by’umurenge wa Kacyiru mu karere ka Gasabo, ku bantu basaba serivisi zijyanye n’ubutaka.
Akagira ati, “Nkanjye ndatuma, nakumva bitanyuze nkajya ahandi cyangwa tu nkakoresha uburyo bwose kugira mpagere.”
Akomeza asaba abashinzwe inyubako gushyiraho amabwiriza akaze aherekejwe n’ibihano ku bubaka ntibatekereze ku nzira z’abafite ubumuga.
Mu mwanzuro w’amabwiriza agenga imyubakire, bagira bati, “Kugira ngo uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bwubahirizwe serivisi zose zitangwa zikwiriye kugerwaho na buri wese. Amategeko ubwayo ntahagije kugira ngo habeho impinduka mu byerekeranye n’uburyo abantu bafite ubumuga bakoresha inyubako n’ahandi hantu rusange . Ubushake bwa ba nyiri amazu cyane ayubatswe mbere ni ngombwa”.
Itegeko riteganya ibihano
Hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, Rwandatribune yagiranye ikiganiro na Kampayana Augustin, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe gutuza abantu n’iterambere (human settlement planning and development department) mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imiturire (RHA).
Avuga ko amategeko yateganyaga ko mu nyubako za Leta byaba byararangiranye n’umwaka wa 2015, hanyuma ku nyubako zagiyeho mbere y’itegeko rya 2012, benezo basabwaga kugira uko bazihindura zikajyana n’ibiteganywa mu itegeko.
Muri Mata 2019, hasohotse Iteka rya Minisitiri rijyanye n’imiturire n’imyubakire, ryo riza riteganya ibihano. Iri teka n°03/CAB.M/019 ryo ku wa 15/04/2019 rishyiraho amabwiriza ajyanye n’imitunganyirize y’imijyi n’imyubakire, ryasohotse mu igazeti ya Leta , inimero idasanzwe yo kuwa 16/04/2019.
Ibihano biteganyijwe mu mugereka wa 4 waryo biri mu byiciro bitatu:
1.Guhagarika ikoreshwa ry’iyo nyubako kugeza yujuje ibisabwa
- Gucibwa amande ari hagati y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi Magana atanu na miliyoni zirindwi bitewe n’urwego inyubako ibarizwamo
- Kwimwa uburenganzira bwo gukorera muri iyo nzu kugeza ibisabwa byubahirijwe.
Umunyamategeko wa NUDOR(Ihuriro ry’imiryango y’abafite ubumuga mu Rwanda), Murema Jean Baptiste we ashima ibyakozwe ariko akanagaya abakirebera amategeko atubahirizwa.
Ati, “turashima ibyakozwe, ariko hari naho bitarakorwa nagato. Hari inyubako za kera zitaragira icyo bazikoraho kandi amabwiriza asobanutse. Ni ukuvuga ngo hari gaps muri Monitoring ya implementation (icyuho mu ikurikiranabikorwa).
Uyu munyamategeko atunga agatoki inama y’igihugu y’abafite ubumuga (NCPD), ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imyubakire (RHA) kuko bari mu bashinzwe kubigenzura.
Zimwe mu mpamvu nyinshi avuga, harimo:
- Kuba nta bukangurambaga bufatika bukorwa
- Abantu bataramenya uburenganzira bw’umuntu ufite ubumuga icyo aricyo
- Kuba nta Department nibura ishinzwe icyo kintu gusa, yajya itangaza n’abubaka batitaye kucyo amabwiriza avuga bakaba banahanwa bibaye ngombwa
- Kuba nta bihano biri clear bihari kubantu bubaka ntibubahirize icyo amabwiriza avuga
- Ba Engeeners (abubatsi ) batarasobanukirwa Accessibility, ugasanga za plan bakora ziba zitubahirije standards.
- Abafite ubumuga ubwabo nabo bahura nibyo bibazo ntibabishyire ahagaragara, kuko iyo ikibazo cyagiye hanze rimwe na rimwe bituma abantu babimenya bakaba babyitaho
Kuba amategeko ahari atubahirizwa, bisobanura ko ayo mategeko atazwi. Kuko azwi ntiyakwirengagizwa. Niyo yakwirengagizwa hari ababigaragaza ko arimo kutubahirizwa kuko aba azwi. Haba kubo yashyiriweho haba no kubashinzwe kuyubahiriza
Bitanga image (isura) mbi kubera ko nk’igihugu kiba cyarakoze ibishoboka byose mu rwego rwo kugirango uburenganzira bwa buri wese bwubahirizwe
Karegeya Jean Baptiste
