Hashingiwe ku masezerano ya Paris yo mu 2016 yo kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere, ibihugu 11 ku isi ubu nibyo bimaze gutangaza umusanzu byiyemeje mu kugabanya ibyo byuka (Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Mu cyumweru gishize u Rwanda rwabaye igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika gitanze ibyo cyemeye mu kugabanya iyo myuka ihumanya ikirere.
Leta y’u Rwanda ivuga ko yiyemeje kugabanya imyuka igihugu cyohereza mu kirere ku kigero cya 38% bitarenze 2030.
Muri iki gihe isi yugarijwe n’ingaruka z’ukwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe guterwa no kwangirika kw’agakingirizo k’izuba, aka nako kangizwa n’imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere n’ibikorwa by’abantu ku isi.
Abahanga bavuga ko imvura n’izuba bidasanzwe biboneka ku bipimo byo hejuru muri iki gihe, bitera impfu z’abantu, iyangirika ry’ibidukikije, ihungabanary’ubukungu n’indwara nshya z’ibyorezo.
Afurika yohereza 3.7% y’ibyuka isi yohereza mu kirere, ariko ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere zizahaza cyane uyu mugabane.
Imvura idasanzwe yaguye mu ijoro rimwe ryo kuwa gatatu tariki 06 z’uku kwezi kwa gatanu yishe abantu 72 mu Rwanda yangiza byinshi birimo; inzu n’imirima by’abaturage n’imihanda ibahuza.
Imvura yaguye muri iyo minsi mu Burundi yatumye imiryango igera ku 6,000 mu mujyi wa Bujumbura iva mu byayo. Izo ni zimwe mu ngero ntoya za vuba.
Ni ibiki u Rwanda rwiyemeje?
Mu nama y’i Paris ya 2016 ibihugu by’isi byiyemeje kugera ku kugabanya kwiyongera ku bushyuhe bw’isi ntiburenge ku kigero cy’ubushyuhe cyingana na degree celicius imwe n’igice (1,5 °C), byizeye ko ibi byagabanya ingaruka nk’izo tuvuze haruguru.
Andorra, Chile, Suriname, Moldova, Norvège, Ubuyapani, Ukraine, New Zealand, u Rwanda, Singapore, Ibirwa bya Marshall nibyo bihugu ubu bimaze gutanga ibyo umusanzu mu kugabanya ibyo byuka nk’uko bivugwa n’urubuga Climate Watch rutanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’ikirere.
Inyandiko ya minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda irimo ibyo u Rwanda rwemeye gukora bitarenze 2030, ivuga ko “kuko u Rwanda rugeramiwe cyane n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere”, bityo kugira icyo rukora “byihutirwa”.
Imibare iheruka ya 2015 yerekana ko u Rwanda rwohereza mu kirere ibyuka bingana na Toni miliyoni 5,3 za ‘carbon dioxide equivalent’ (tCO2 e).
Urwego rw’ubuhinzi nirwo rwohereza imyuka myinshi ingana na 55% by’iyo myuka, rugakurikirwa n’urw’ingufu (energy) rwohereza 31% n’imyanda ifite 12%.
U Rwanda ruvuga ko “mu bisanzwe byari biteganyijwe ko igipimo cy’iyo myuka kizava kuri miliyoni 5,3 tCO2 e mu 2015 kikagera kuri miliyoni 12.1 tCO2 e mu 2030”.
Ibi bigaterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’imyuka ikomoka ku ikoreshwa ry’ibitoro mu bikorwa bibyara ingufu, ubwikorezi mu mihanda n’irindi koreshwa ry’ingufu nk’uko minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda ibivuga.
Ibihugu biteye imbere mu nganda n’indege nibyo byohereza ibyuka byinshi bihumanya ikirere, gusa ntibyagaragaje ubushake mu gutanga umusanzu wo kubigabanya
Inyandiko y’u Rwanda y’umusanzu warwo mu kugabanya iyo myuka, ivuga ko izagera kuri miliyoni 4.6 tCO2 e mu 2030 aho kuba miliyoni 12.1 tCO2 e nk’uko byari byitezwe, ni igabanuka ringana na 38%.
Ubushinwa (1) na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika(2) byonyine byihariye hejuru ya 50% y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bikangiza agakingirizo k’izuba bivuye ku isi.
Ibi bihugu, kimwe n’ibindi byohereza ibyuka byinshi bihumanya ikirere nk’Ubuhinde, Brazil, Uburusiya, Australia, Emira z’Abarabu, Qatar n’ibindi ntibyegeze byemera umusanzu wabyo mu kugira icyo bigabanyije.
Ndacyayisenga Jerome
