iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryazanye uburyo bushya bw’imibereho, bworoshya itumanaho n’uburyo abantu babaho, ariko ryazanye n’ibindi bibi bititondewe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku babikora cyangwa sosiyete yose muri rusange.
Imbuga nkoranyambaga zabaye inzira y’ubusabane kuri bamwe, inzira y’imibereho ku bandi n’inzira yo kurimbuka ku batitonze.
Mu minsi ishize, Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rwataye muri yombi abakobwa bane bakekwaho gushyira ahagaragara amashusho bagaragariza imbaga imyanya yabo y’ibanga, hakoreshejwe telefoni.
Ni ingingo yazamuye amarangamutima ya benshi, bamwe bavuga ko byari bikwiriye ndetse ko byeze, abandi bavuga ko ari ukuvogera uburenganzira bwabo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo no kwigaragaza uko bashaka kuri internet.
Byakurikiwe kandi no kwisukiranya kw’indirimbo z’abahanzi batandukanye, zimwe zivugwaho kubamo amagambo y’ibishegu, abandi bakavuga ko ari uburenganzira bw’abahanzi. Byaje byiyongera ku binyamakuru, ahanini imiyoboro ya YouTube, iikunze gutangaza ibiganiro bamwe bavuga ko bishishikariza abantu ibijyanye n’’imibonano mpuzabitsina.
RIB igaragaza ko nta muntu ufatwa ku byaha by’urukozasoni bikoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, hatari amategeko akurikijwe.
Ingingo ya 135 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha mu Rwanda, ivuga ko umuntu wese ukora igikorwa gikoza isoni mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ku mubiri w’undi, nyiri ukubikorerwa atabishaka, aba akoze icyaha. Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora icyaha cy’urukozasoni, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi ijana ariko atarenze ibihumbi magana atatu.
Mu itegeko no 60/2018 ryo ku wa 22/8/2018 ryerekeye gukumira no guhana ibyaha bikoreshejwe Ikoranabuhanga, mu ngingo ya 34 havuga ko umuntu wese, iyo atangaje cyangwa atumye hatangazwa amashusho cyangwa amajwi yerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina binyuze ku rusobe rwa mudasobwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho; usaba, utoza cyangwa uhamagarira umwana, abinyujije muri mudasobwa cyangwa urusobe rwa mudasobwa cyangwa umuyoboro uwo ariwo wose hagamijwe kumukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina; aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itatu ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe, ariko atarenze miliyoni eshatu.
Ingingo ya 38 muri iryo tegeko ivuga ko umuntu wese, utangaza, wohereza cyangwa utuma hatangazwa ubutumwa ubwo aribwo bwose bw’urukozasoni akoresheje mudasobwa cyangwa urusobe rwa mudasobwa, iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri, n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni imwe ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri.
Umuvugizi wa RIB, Dr Murangira B. Thierry yabwiye IGIHE dukeshya iyi nkuru ko basobanura urukozasoni nk’ibikorwa byose birimo amafoto, amashusho n’amajwi yerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina atangazwa mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose mu ruhame.
Yavuze ko uruhame ari ahantu hateraniye abantu barenze babiri, ibintu bitangajwe kuri interineti, ku rubuga nkoranyambaga, mu bitangazamakuru cyangwa byohererejwe undi.
Ati “Urugero, nifashe amafoto agaragaza imikoreshereze y’ibitsina nkayakoherereza muri telefone yawe, icyo gihe mba nabishyize mu ruhame. Umushingamategeko yarebye ukuntu isi igenda ikura, aho njye nshobora gufata ya mafoto agaragaza imikoreshereze y’ibitsina nkayakoherereza, nawe ukayoherereza undi n’undi akayoherereza undi. Bishobora kugera ku bantu benshi cyane byaturutse ku muntu umwe.”
Dr. Murangira avuga ko ukurikije urwego ibyaha by’urukozasoni biriho mu Rwanda bidakabije, gusa agashimangira ko hakenewe imbaraga n’ubufatanye bugamije guhindura imyumvire kugira ngo bidakomeza kwiyongera.
Ati “Ntabwo biragera ku kigero cyo hejuru ku buryo twavuga ko bikabije ariko biri kugenda bizamuka, bitizwa umurindi n’uko isi igenda ikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryoroha, ritiza umurindi imbuga nkoranyambaga. Ni ibyaha dufata nk’iby’inzaduka bitizwa umurindi n’imikoreshereje y’itumanaho n’iterambere.”
Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ngingo ya 38 ryemera ko ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, ubwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo n’ubwo guhabwa amakuru bwemewe kandi bwubahirizwa na Leta.
Icyakora igika cya kabiri muri iyo ngingo kivuga ko ubwisanzure bwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo n’ubwo guhabwa amakuru butagomba kubangamira ituze rusange rya rubanda n’imyifatire mbonezabupfura, ukurengera urubyiruko n’abana, n’uburenganzira bw’umwenegihugu bwo kugira icyubahiro n’agaciro, ubwo kutagira uwivanga mu mibereho ye bwite n’iy’umuryango we.
Dr Murangira yavuze ko ntawe ubujijwe kwisanzura, ahubwo biba ikibazo iyo bitangiye kurengera bikabangamira abandi.
Ati “Hari abantu batarabisobanukirwa babifata nk’uburenganzira bwabo. Akumva ko paji ye ya Facebook, Tiktok, Instagram […] ngo ngomba gushyiraho amafoto yanjye yose y’ubwambure bwanjye uko mbishaka. Bifate muri telefone yawe ubibikemo ntawe uzakureba ariko igihe cyose uzaba wabishyize ku mbuga nkoranyambaga biba byagiye mu ruhame, itegeko riba rikureba.”
Yavuze ko hari urubyiruko ruri kugerwaho n’ingaruka z’uko kutamenya kubahiriza amategeko, aho bohererezanya amafoto bambaye ubusa bibwira ko bakundana, bamara gushwana bikaba ikibazo umwe agatangira gutera undi ubwoba amubwira ko nadakora icyo amusabye amafoto ari buyashyire ku karubanda.
Gukangisha umuntu ibintu nk’ibyo nabyo ni icyaha, ariko Dr Murangira yatanze inama z’uko abantu bakwiriye kubyirinda kare, aho guhangana n’ingaruka.
Abahanzi baburiwe…
Imwe mu ngingo imaze iminsi itavugwaho rumwe, ni uruhererekane rw’indirimbo z’abahanzi b’abanyarwanda zimaze iminsi zisohoka, ariko zimwe zigashinjwa kubamo ubutumwa bw’ubusambanyi.
Dr Murangira yaburiye abahanzi bari kwitwaza ko indirimbo zabo zizimije, bagakomeza gusohora izikwirakwiza ubutumwa bw’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina.
Yagize ati “Hariho indirimbo ureba umuhanzi avuga ngo yaririmbye azimiza, ngo tuvuge ko araririmba imboga ngo abantu bakumva ibindi ariko wareba kuririmba imboga n’amashusho yashyizeho ntibihuye.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Abo bantu bose turi kubaganiriza tukababwira tuti wowe muhanzi hanga igihangano cyiza ureke rwa rwitwazo muvuga ngo njyewe nahanze indirimbo ariko abantu bumva ibindi. Ururimi wakoresheje turakwibutsa ko ari Ikinyarwanda, abo ubwira ni abanyarwanda bafite ubwenge bwo gusesengura. Byaba bibabaje rero warakoze igihangano kiguhenze ukabihanirwa, waba uhombye kabiri.”
RIB kandi yaburiye n’abatangaza amakuru arimo iby’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina bakabinyuza kuri radiyo cyangwa za televiziyo, imirongo ya YouTube n’ibindi.
Yavuze ko ubu icyihutirwa RIB iri gukora atari uguhana, ahubwo ni ukwigisha abantu bakareba ibibi bakoraga, gusa ngo igihe kizagera no guhana bibeho.
Ati “RIB irashaka kubaka umuco wo gutinya gukora icyaha aho gutinya ibihano, umuntu agatinya gukora icyaha kuko ari icyaha. Iyo utinya icyaha kubera igihano, ukorera ku jisho ariko iyo utinya icyaha kuko ari icyaha, umutimanama wawe niwo ukurikira.”
Hari abakoresha amafoto bagaragaza imiterere y’umubiri wabo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, abakora ibiganiro n’ibindi bifatwa nk’ibyaha bagamije kwamamaza no gushaka amaramuko, nta yindi nabi bagamije. Dr Murangira yabasabye kubireka, bagashakira amaramuko mu bindi bitari ibyaha.
Ati “Ntabwo ushobora gushaka ayo mata uyashakira mu bibi cyangwa uyashaka wica amategeko. Ni nk’uko wavuga ngo tureke umuntu yibe kuko ari kwihangira akazi. Oya hari itegeko rivuga ngo kora ibi, iyo utabikoze rirahagurka rikirwanirira.”
“Niba hari n’abafite ibiganiro bumvise urukozasoni icyo ari cyo, bakaba bari babifite kuri za YouTube zabo nibabikureho hakiri kare, ariko ubigumishaho, nitumugeraho ntabwo azitwaza ngo ntabyo yari azi.”
Ku kuba hari ibyitwa ibyaha mu Rwanda, ahandi bititwa ibyaha, Dr Murangira yavuze ko buri gihugu kigira amategeko yacyo.
Ati “Agahugu umuco akandi umuco. Itegeko rya hano si ngombwa ngo ribe itegeko rya hariya [mu kindi gihugu]. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ngo hariya niba batabifa nk’ibyaha, natwe ntitubifate nk’ibyaha. Bishingira ku ndangaciro zacu.”
Dr Murangira, yavuze ko imbogamizi zigaragara iyo bagenza ibyaha bikorerwa Hakoreshejwe Ikoranabuhanga zishingiye mu kugenza ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga byakorewe mu mahanga, kuko hari nk’aho ibyitwa ibyaha mu Rwanda, biba atari ibyaha mu bindi bihugu; cyangwa kubera imiterere y’ikorabuhanga aho umuntu yicara aha agakora ibyaha bikagira ingaruka mu kindi gihugu.
Icyakora, yakomeje avuga ko bari kugirana ubufatanye n’amahanga ku buryo n’abakorera ibyaha hanze y’u Rwanda bazajya babiryozwa.
Ubwanditsi
