Ku wa Mbere tariki ya 1 Ukwakira, umupaka wa Kagitumba wagabweho igitero. Cyabaye ikimenyetso cy’itangira ry’urugamba rwamaze imyaka ine nyuma y’uko abari bagize umuryango FPR Inkotanyi biyemeje kubohora igihugu hifashishijwe inzira y’intambara kuko izindi zose Leta yariho yari yarazanze.
Urwo rugamba rwari umusaruro w’imyaka itatu y’imyiteguro, ubwo mu Ukuboza 1987 hashingwaga FPR Inkotanyi imyiteguro y’intambara igatangira, hagashyirwaho inzego z’Umuryango, gahunda y’igihe gito, iy’igiciriritse n’igihe kirekire zirafutuka byose bigamije guhuza Abanyarwanda bose, ab’imbere n’inyuma y’igihugu, Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa.
Igitabo “Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX” cyanditswe na Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, kigaragaza ko FPR yagiye gutangiza intambara yo kubohora igihugu imaze gusesengura ukuntu indi miryango yo kwibohoza yarwanye hirya no hino ku Isi, hiyongeraho kumenya imikorere ya NRM ya Museveni byatumye idakora amakosa nk’ayari yarabonetse muri iryo shyaka.
Impamvu zatumye FPR ishoza intambara zirimo ikibazo cyane cyane irondabwoko (ryibasiye Abatutsi), amacakubiri y’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, konona umutungo w’igihugu n’ikibazo cy’impunzi Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itifuzaga gukemura.
Igitabo cya Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge kigaragaza ko kuba abasirikare bakuru b’Abanyarwanda baragize uruhare mu rugamba rw’intambara ya kinyeshyamba ya NRM no kuba nyuma y’intsinzi yarwo barabaye mu nzego za gisirikare za Uganda, byatumye bashobora kwinjiza mu gisirikare Abanyarwanda benshi.
Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira
Mu gitondo cya tariki 1 Ukwakira nibwo ingabo za RPA zinjiye ku mupaka wa Kagitumba. Bivugwa ko icyo gihe RPA yari ifite abasirikare basaga 3000 batojwe neza mu nzego zose.
Muri icyo gitondo, paratuni ebyiri za RPA zateye ku mupaka wa Kagitumba ziwufata bitaruhanije nyuma y’imirwano mito. Uwo munsi saa Kumi, Gen Major Fred Rwigema yavuze ijambo imbere y’abasirikare bagera kuri 500 bari bahuriye hamwe ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Abandi basirikare bari bavuye mu nkambi za gisirikare zinyuranye bari bakigenda bahurira ahantu hanyuranye ku mupaka w’u Rwanda.
Abo basirikare bari bazi ko urugamba rugomba ubwitange ndetse ko rutazarangira vuba nk’uko babikekaga.
Umurava wari wose ku ngabo za RPA zari zinjiye ku butaka gakondo bwa mbere. Icyakora, ibyo byishimo ntibyamaze kabiri kuko ku munsi wa kabiri w’urugamba, Umugaba Mukuru, Gen Major Fred Rwigema yishwe n’umwanzi. Byateye icyuho gikomeye mu buyobozi, ndetse n’umuhate utangira kugabanuka ku basirikare bari basigaye.
Uretse Fred Gisa Rwigema wishwe arasiwe i Nyabwishongwezi, mu minsi yakurikiyeho harashwe abandi basirikare bakuru barimo Major Bunyenyezi na Major Bayingana, ubwo bagwaga mu mutego w’umwanzi i Ryabega.
Nyuma yo gucika intege kw’aba basirikare kubera urupfu rwa Rwigema, ku wa 20 Ukwakira 1990, Paul Kagame wari Majoro yavuye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho yari ku ishuri maze akomeza kuyobora urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda.
Paul Kagame amaze kugaruka, imiterere y’imirwanire yahinduye isura. Imirwanire isanzwe yasimbuwe n’imirwanire ya kinyeshyamba, urugamba rwimurirwa mu bice by’imisozi miremire ndetse hashozwa ibirindiro by’imirwano bishya by’umwihariko icyo mu birunga.
Impfu zirimo urwa Fred Rwigema, urwa Peter Bayingana na Chris Bunyenyenzi nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu zafashwe kenshi n’ubutegetsi bw’i Kigali n’inshuti zabyo nk’ingaruka z’umwiryane mu ngabo za FPR. Ariko si ko byari bimeze.
Ihungabana rya RPA ryatumye Ingabo z’u Rwanda zifatanije n’izo muri Zaïre ndetse zinashyigikiwe n’iz’Ababiligi n’Abafaransa zishobora gutsinda urugamba ku buryo ndetse leta yariho icyo gihe yakoresheje ibirori mu gihugu hose byo kwishimira ko intambara irangiye.
Igitabo cya Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, kivuga ko nyuma y’ingorane zakurikiye urupfu rwa Fred Rwigema, RPA yabikuyemo isomo, igatangira umurimo wo guhuza inzego za gisirikare n’iza gisivili, yinjiza abacuruzi n’abashoramari n’abize bari bakenewe mu nzego zayo, ishyira ingufu mu mashuri ya politiki, ishyiraho gahunda y’ingendo zo gusura ibirindiro ku babyifuza, inarushaho gutanga amakuru nyayo ajyanye n’urugamba.
Uko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yabyifashemo
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo ikimenya iby’igitero cya Kagitumba, yifashe nk’itunguwe nyamara amateka agaragaza ko n’umuturage usanzwe yari azi ko impunzi zitegura gutera. Ingengabitekerezo y’irondabwoko rirwanya Abatutsi yahise yongera kubura mu mbwirwaruhame no mu itangazamakuru ry’u Rwanda bakwirakwiza ko ngo Inkotanyi ari inyenzi zo mu 1960 ziyuburuye.
U Rwanda rwatangiye urugamba rwa dipolomasi rwo kwerekana ko rwatewe na Uganda ndetse n’ibihugu bikoresha Icyongereza bigamije gukuraho ubutegetsi bukoresha Igifaransa mu Rwanda. Ingabo za Zaïre, u Bubiligi n’u Bufaransa zahise zitabara Habyarimana.
Imbere mu gihugu kandi hatangiye gushakishwa amayeri n’ibihuha bigamije gutuma Abatutsi bibasirwa, nk’aho tariki 4 Ukwakira 1990 habeshywe ko Inkotanyi zageze muri Kigali, Abatutsi basaga ibihumbi icumi bagafungwa. Nyuma abandi Batutsi bagiye bicwa mu Mutara, Kibilira, Byumba n’ahandi.
Ibihugu bitandukanye byakomeje guhatira Habyarimana na FPR Inkotanyi ngo bijye mu biganiro, hanyuma tariki 29 Werurwe 1991 haba ibiganiro bya N’sele muri Zaïre, hanemezwa amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara hagati y’impande zombi.
Ni amasezerano yasinywe impande zombi zidahuye imbonankubone, ahubwo babaga bari mu byumba bitandukanye, abahuza bakaza kuvugisha uruhande rumwe, bakajya no kuvugisha urundi ibyumvikanyweho bikandikwa.
Nubwo amasezerano yasinywe, u Rwanda na FPR byakomeje kuregana kuba buri wese atubahiriza ibiri mu masezerano. Leta ya Habyarimana kandi yahise itangira imbwirwaruhame zerekana ko ayo masezerano ntacyo amaze.
Tariki 29 Werurwe, Perezida Habyarimana yagiye kuri Radiyo Rwanda, agaragaza ko umwanzi bamaze kumutsinda.
Ati “Magingo aya, ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, nta mwanzi waduteye ukihabarizwa. Nongeye gusubira mu byo nabwiye abafashe intwaro maze bagatera u Rwanda, kandi nta cyo bizabagezaho, mbasaba kureka imirwano mu cyubahiro, nta cyo basize inyuma kandi nta rwango, maze bagashyira intwaro hasi, bagataha mu Rwanda nta cyo bishisha.”
Uwari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ari nawe wari uvuye gusinya amaserano ya N’sele, ageze i Kigali yabwiye RFI ko ibyo FPR yasabye byo kwirukana ingabo z’Abafaransa nta shingiro bifite.
Hagati ya taliki ya 6 n’iya 8 Kanama 1991, bwa mbere Leta y’u Rwanda na FPR zahuriye hamwe ngo zishyireho inkingi z’imishyikirano ya politiki bahuriyeho bombi. U Rwanda n’u Bufaransa byifuzaga ko u Bufaransa buba umuhuza. FPR yanze icyo cyifuzo kuko uretse ko n’u Bufaransa bwari bwarijanditse mu bibazo by’u Rwanda ariko ntiyanashakaga ko umuhuza aturuka mu bihugu by’abakoloni.
Perezida Mobutu na Perezida Nyerere nibo bemejwe nk’abahuza. Imishyikirano yatangiye neza i Arusha mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1992, iza kurangira tariki ya 4 Kanama 1993.
Ingingo zigize ayo masezerano zakomeje gutinzwa kuko zasaga n’izigabanya ubushobozi bwa Perezida Habyarimana n’ishyaka rye, kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Habyarimana yahanurwaga, bigakongeza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wari umaze igihe kinini utegurwa.
FPR Inkotanyi n’ingabo zayo babonye ko nta yindi mpamvu yabuza gutabara abicwaga, itangiza urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside rwasojwe tariki 4 Nyakanga 1994.
