Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Kigeli V Ndahindurwa wari Umwami wa nyuma wategetse u Rwanda, abantu batari bacye bagiye bandikira ikinyamakuru Ukwezi.com bagisaba urutonde rw’abami bose bayoboye u Rwanda n’uko bagiye basimburana, n’uburyo nyuma y’ihirima ry’ingoma ya cyami nukwo abaperezida bagiye bakurikirana kugeza n’ubu.
Hakurikijwe inyandiko z’abanyamateka bagarutse cyane ku mateka y’u Rwanda, usanga u Rwanda rwaba rumaze kuyoborwa n’abakuru b’igihugu 34, barimo abami 28 n’abaperezida 6. Aha ni uguhera mu mwaka w’1000, aho inyandiko nyinshi zitajya zibasha kurenga ngo hagaragazwe iby’amateka y’imitegekere y’u Rwanda rwa mbere y’uwo mwaka, cyane ko na Gihanga wahanze u Rwanda yayoboye guhera icyo gihe, bivuga ko ari ho u Rwanda ruhera.
Ibijyanye n’abami ntitubitindaho cyane, gusa turagaragaza uburyo bagiye bakurikirana n’imyaka bategetse:
1. Gihanga I Ngomijana (1091-1124)
2. Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157)
3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180)
4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213)
5. Ndoba (1213-1246)
6. Samembe (1246-1279)
7. Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312)
8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345)
9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378)
10. Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411)
11. Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444)
12. Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477)
13. Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510)
14. Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543)
15. Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi 1543-1576)
16. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609)
17. Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642)
18. Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675)
19. Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708)
20. Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741)
21. Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746)
22. Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-1802)
23. Mutara II Rwogera (1802-1853)
24. Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895)
25. Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895 -1895) *Uyu yakorewe kudeta.
26. Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931)
27. Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959)
28. Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960)
Muri iyi nkuru kandi, turagaruka ku bijyanye n’uko aba Perezida bayoboye u Rwanda nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ingoma ya cyami, turebe uko bakurikiranye, uko bagiye bafata ubutegetsi, igihe bagiye babumaraho n’uko batanu ba mbere muri aba batandatu bagiye babuvaho.
Mbonyumutwa Dominique, ni we Perezida wayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’igeragezwa rya Repubulika ryabaye mbere y’uko rubona ubwigenge, nyuma kandi y’irangira ry’ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda. Mbonyumutwa yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda gusa, kuva tariki 28 Mutarama kugeza tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961. Kuva ku butegetsi kwe, byatewe n’uko atabashije gutsinda amatora. Uyu Dominique Mbonyumutwa yari yaravutse mu 1921, nyuma yaje gutabaruka tariki 26 Nyakanga 1986 aguye mu Bubiligi, ashyingurwa mu cyahoze ari Gitarama ahari hubatse sitade yari yaramwitiriwe.
2. Kayibanda Grégoire
Kayibanda Grégoire, niwe Perezida wa kabiri u Rwanda rwagize, akaba ari nawe wa mbere waruyoboye kuva rwabona ubwigenge ndetse ninawe wa mbere wabaye Perezida habayeho amatora. Kayibanda yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961 atsinze amatora ayobora manda ye ya mbere kugeza mu 1965 ubwo yongeraga kwiyamamaza ari we mukandida rukumbi ndetse anongera kwiyamamaza ari wenyine mu 1969, aho hose atsinda amatora.
Kayibanda yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 kugeza tariki 4 Nyakanga 1973 ubwo yahirikwaga ku butegetsi na Juvénal Habyarimana wari inshuti ye magara akaba yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo icyo gihe. Yahise afungwa hamwe n’umugore we, maze baza gupfira mu nzu bari bafungiwemo ahitwa i Kavumu hafi ya Kabgayi, hari tariki 15 Ukuboza 1976.Bivugwa ko Habyarimana yabicishije inzara kugeza bashizemo umwuka. Kayibanda Grégoire yapfuye afite imyaka 52 kuko yari yaravutse tariki 01 Gicurasi 1924.
3.Yuvenali Habyarimana
Juvénal Habyarimana wari umusirikare ku ipeti rya Général Major akaba yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 5 Nyakanga 1973 nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda. Igitutu n’amashagaga bye, byatumye ahita abatizwa “Kinani”, rimwe na rimwe bakavuga “Kinani cyananiye abagome n’abagambanyi”.
Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana ntibwavugirwagamo, ndetse amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu nayo yabaga mu buryo budasanzwe, ari we mukandida rukumbi. Nyuma yo gushinga ishyaka MRND ryari ryo shyaka rukumbi ryemewe mu gihugu, Juvénal Habyarimana yagiye akoresha icyari nk’ikinamico y’amatora, aho yiyamamazaga ntawe bahatana.
Amatora ya mbere yiyamamajemo wenyine ni aya tariki 24 Ukuboza 1978 aho byatangajwe ko yatowe ku kigero cya 98.99%, ayakurikiyeho yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1983 nabwo bitangazwa ko yatsinze ku kigereranyo cya 99.97%, naho andi yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1988 byatangajwe ko yayatsinze ku kigereranyo cya 99.98%.
Uyu yari yaravutse tariki 8 Werurwe 1937, akaba yarayoboye u Rwanda imyaka myinshi kurusha abandi bose bayoboye u Rwanda kugeza ubu, kuko yayoboye imyaka 21 ategekesha igutugu kugeza ubwo yiciwe mu ndege yahanuwe tariki 6 Mata 1994, ubutegetsi bwe buba butembagaye butyo.
4. Dr Sindikubwaho Théodore
Dr Sindikubwabo Théodore, niwe Perezida u Rwanda rwagize mu mateka waruyoboye igihe gito kandi mu gihe kibi cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, byumvikana ko nta n’umusaruro muzima yabyaje intebe y’ubutegetsi bwe.
Sindikubwaho wari warigeze kuba Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda, yari yaraminuje mu by’ubuvuzi. Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi yahise ajya mu kazi k’ibyo yize by’ubuganga, akora mu bitaro bya CHK kugeza mu 1988 ubwo yasubiraga muri Politiki nk’umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda.
Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri indege ya Habyarimana Juvénal irashwe, Sindikubwabo wari ukuriye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko icyo gihe, yabaye Perezida kuva tariki 9 Mata 1994, mu cyari cyiswe Leta y’Abatabazi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, Sindikubwabo azwiho kuba yaragiye ashishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi ndetse agashimira cyane ababaga bakora ubwicanyi cyane.
Yahise ava ku butegetsi nyuma y’amezi atatu gusa, ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zimaze kubohoza igihugu. Ingoma ye yarangiye tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994, ubwo yahungiraga mu cyahoze cyitwa Zaïre. Yaje gupfira muri iki gihugu gisigaye cyitwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, akaba yarapfuye mu mwaka w’1998. Yapfuye ari umukambwe w’imyaka 70 kuko yari yaravutse mu 1928.
5. Bizimungu Pasteur
Pasteur Bizimungu, niwe wahise ayobora u Rwanda nyuma y’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside, akaba yaricaye mu ntebe y’ubuyobozi tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo yari afatanyije na Major General Paul Kagame wari Visi Perezida akaba ari nawe wari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo. Pasteur Bizimungu yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe gikabakaba imyaka 6, kugeza ubwo yatangazaga ko yeguye ku bushake tariki 23 Werurwe 2000.
Hagati aho ariko akimara kwegura, Charles Ntakirutinka wabaye Minisitiri w’Ingufu, Imirimo ya Leta, no gutwara abantu n’Ibintu; ndetse akaba yaranigeze kuba Minsitiri w’imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Pasteur Bizimungu ndetse bakavira rimwe mu myanya y’ubuyobozi, muri 2001 bafatanyije n’abandi bantu batandatu bashinga ishyaka bise PDR-Ubuyanja (Parti Démocratique du Renouveau/ Democratic Party for Renewal Ubuyanja) mu gihe uyu Pasteur Bizimungu yahoze mu ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi ubwo yari Perezida.
Mu kwezi kwa Kane 2002, nibwo batawe muri yombi bazira ibyaha byo gukwirakwiza ibihuha mu baturage hagamijwe kubangisha ubuyobozi n’amategeko y’igihugu. Bashinjwaga kandi gukora inama rwihishwa ngo zari zigambiriye kubangamira umudendezo w’igihugu no guteza amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda.
Bahise bagezwa imbere y’urukiko, maze Pasteur Bizimungu akatirwa imyaka 15 y’igifungo ariko aza guhabwa imbabazi na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame kuwa 6 Mata 2007; mu gihe Charles Ntakirutinka we yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka icumi, iki gihano cye akaba yaranakirangije tariki 01 Werurwe 2012.
Uyu mugabo Pasteur Bizimungu w’imyaka 66 kugeza ubu, ninawe ukiri ku isi mu ba Perezida bose bigeze kuyobora u Rwanda mbere ya Perezida Paul Kagame uyobora kugeza ubu. N’ubwo akiriho ariko, kuba yarakatiwe byamwambuye uburenganzira bwo kongera kugaragara mu mirimo ya Politiki.
6. Paul Kagame
Perezida Paul Kagame wavutse tariki 23 Ukwakira 1957, niwe Perezida w’u Rwanda kugeza ubu, akaba amaze imyaka 16 ayobora Abanyarwanda. Ninawe Perezida rukumbi umaze gutorwa kenshi n’abaturage ahatanye n’abandi bakandida, kuko abandi bamubanjirije wasangaga biyamamaza ari bo bonyine.
Kuwa Gatandatu tariki 22 Mata 2000 ku isaha ya saa 11:45 za mu gitondo ku isaha y’i Kigali, kuri sitade nkuru y’u Rwanda; sitade Amahoro i Remera, Paul Kagame wari visi Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe, nibwo hatangajwe ko yagiye mu ntebe y’ubuyobozi nka Perezida wa Repubulika by’agateganyo, nyuma yo kwegura kwa Pasteur Bizimungu. Aha yari agiye kuyobora inzivacyuho nyuma yo gutorwa n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.
Tariki 25 Kanama 2003, Paul Kagame wari umaze imyaka itatu ari Perezida w’inzibacyuho, yatowe n’abaturage kuva ubwo yemererwa kuyobora manda ye ya mbere y’imyaka 7, yarangiye muri 2010. Tariki 9 Kanama 2010, Paul Kagame yatorewe manda ya kabiri irangira muri 2017,muri uwo mwaka yahatanye n’abakandida batatu aribo Dr.Frank habineza w’Ishyaka DGPR na Bwana Philipe Mpayimana birangira Perezida Kagame Paul atsinze amatora kubwiganze bwo hejuru.
Mwizerwa Ally
