Mu mwaka wa 2000 umubare w’abarwanyi ba FDLR wari 20.000, banafashije Laurent Desire Kabila n’umuhungu we wamusimbuye Joseph Kabila kurwana n’Umutwe wa CNDP wari waratangije intamabara ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Gusa uyu mutwe watangijwe na bamwe mu basize bahekuye u Rwanda, wagiye utakaza imbaraga aho kugeza ubu bamwe batabura kwemeza ko usa n’usigaye ku izina gusa.
Mu mwaka wa 2003 ubwo habaga imishyikirano hagati ya Guverinoma ya DRCongo n’umutwe wa CNDP, byaje kugaragara ko abarwanyi ba FDLR bagabanutse bakagera ku 8 000.
Hagati ya 2003-2008 imbaraga za FDLR zakomeje kujya hasi kuko uyu mutwe wagendaga utakaza abarwanyi bari hagati ya 600 na 700 buri mwaka.
Ni mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2009,2010 na 2021 FDLR yatakaje abarwanyi bagera ku 5 000 hafi 80% by’abarwanyi bayo bose.
Muri aba harimo abiciwe mu mashyamba ya DRCongo, mu gihe hari n’abandi bishyikirije MONUSCO bagataha mu Rwanda mu gihe hari n’abandi batorotse uyu mutwe bakivanga n’abaturage b’ababakongomani.
Nkuko bigaragara muri Raporo yakozwe na MONUSCO hagati y’umwaka wa 2008 kugera mu mpera za Gashyantare 2012, hari n’abakongomani bo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu muri icyo gihe twavuze haruguru.
Aba barwanyi ba FDLR bose ntabwo ari ko batahutse mu Rwanda kuko hari n’abahungiye mu bihugu nka Zambia, Malawi na Congo Brazaville cyangwa bakigira mu tundi duce twa DRCongo mu gihe hari n’abandi biciwe mu mirwano, abandi bajya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru kuko bari bamaze gusaza cyangwa se barazengerejwe n’uburwayi.
Mumwaka wa 2008, abarwanyi ba FDLR bose hamwe bashyize intwaro hasi, abandi bagera ku 1955 bagacyurwa mu Rwanda.
Muri 2009 hari hasigaye abarwanyi 1881, mu mwaka wa 2010 bagera ku 1563 mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2012 ari 261, Nk’uko bigaragara muri Raporo ya MONUSCO yiswe Disermament and Repatriation Statistics of former FDLR Combatants yakozwe hagati y’umwaka wa 2008 na 2012.
Operaiyo Umoja wetu yatangiye ku wa 20 Mutarama 2009 ikaba yari ihuriwe na RDF na FARDC mu guhiga abarwanyi ba FDLR, ni imwe mu zatanze umusaruro ukomeye mu gushegesha umutwe wa FDLR kuva aho ingabo z’u Rwanda zavaga ku butaka bwa DRCongo ku mugaragaro mu mwaka 2002.
Iyi operasiyo yamaze iminsi 35 ariko abarwanyi ba FDLR bagera ku 150 biciwe muri iyo operasiyo harimo aba Coloneli n’abamajoro, abagera kuri 250 bamanika amaboko.
Raporo ya DDRRR (Desermaments Demobilization Repatriation Rehabilitation and Reintegration) yo muri 2009, igaragaza ko muri Operasiyo Umoja wetu abarwanyi ba FDLR bagabanutseho 25% ndetse inemeza ko byakomye mu nkokora ubushobozi bwa FDLR.
Ubwo iyo operation yarangiraga hemejwe ko ingabo za FARDC zizakomeza kotsa igitutu FDLR ariko nyuma yaho ntiyagira icyo ikora. Yatanze impamvu z’uko yari ikiri mu gikorwa cyo kwinjiza mu ngabo abarwanyi b’umutwe wa CNDP ya Laurent Nkunda n’indi mitwe y’inyeshyamba itandukanye nk’uko bari barabyumvikanye na Guverinoma ya DRCongo mu mwaka wa 2003, byatumye FDLR yongera kwisuganya ndetse yisubiza tumwe mu duce yari yarambuwe na RDF muri operation Umoja wetu.
Ariko nyuma y’igihe gito operaiyo yiswe Kimya 2 yari ihuriweho na FARDC, MONUSCO n’abahoze muri CNDP, bongeye gutera FDLR bayisubiza inyuma bongera kuyaka utwo duce.
Muri iyi ntambara umutwe wa FDLR wakoreyemo ibyaha by’intambara byinhi kuko aho wanyuraga hose wagendaga wica, ushimuta abaturage ndetse unabahatira kuba ku ruhande rwabo mu gihe abana bakoreshwaga ku gahato mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu nyungu zabo.
Mu mwaka wa 2010 FARDC yifatanyie na MONUSCO mu kiswe “Amani Leo” yari igamije kugaba ibitero kuri FDLR ariko si yo gusa kuko hari hanagamijwe indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro y’abanyamahanga n’iy’abenegihugu.
Intego y’iyi operasiyo yari uguhashya umutwe wa FDLR ku ikubitiro wari umaze igihe uzengereza abaturage.
Nubwo iyi operasiyo hari umusaruro yatanze ndetse ikagabanya ubushobozi bwa FDLR, iyi operasiyo kimwe na Kimya II ntiyatanze umusaruro uhagije nka Operasiyo umoja wetu.
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2019, Perezida Felix Thisekedi akijya ku butegetsi yahise atangiza Operasiyo sokola 1 na Sokola 2 yari igamije kurandura imitwe yose yitwaje intwaro mu burasirazuba bwa DRCongo, aha umutwe wa FDLR nabwo wongeye gushegeshwa ndetse na bamwe mu bayobozi b’uyu mutwe baricwa barimo uwari umugaba mukuru Gen Sylvestre Mudacumura n’abandi bamwungirije bari kumwe mu gihe hari benshi biciwe muri iyo operation abandi bafatwa mpiri boherezwa mu Rwanda.
Ubu umutwe wa FDLR wamaze gucika intege ku buryo bugaragara byumwihariko kuva mu mwaka wa 2009. Imibare ya MONUSCO igaragaza ko ubu umutwe wa FDLR usigaranye abarwanyi bari hagati 1000 na 1500
Nk’ingaruka zo gutakaza abarwanyi benshi, Morari yagiye hasi no guhezwa ku ruhando mpuzamahanga n’igabanuka ku mutungo wayo.
FDLR ntishobora kurwana intambara yagutse ahubwo ihitamo kurwana itera udutero-shuma n’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba by’umwihariko ku butaka bwa DRCongo aho iba ihanganye n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro y’abenegihugu rimwe na rimwe na FARDC.
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Major Damien Kwizera wishyikirije MONUSCO Mbere y’uko yoherezwa mu Rwanda, buvuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 FDLR ari bwo yatangiye gucika intege ku buryo bugaragara ku buryo gutera u Rwanda ubu byabaye nk’inzozi ndetse n’ubuzima bw’abarwanyi bayo bacye basigaye butakigenda neza ngo ikaba isigaye ikunda kugenda ihindagura ibirindiro bitewe n’uko itagifite ubushobozi bwo kuguma hamwe ngo ibashe guhangana.
Claude HATEGEKIMANA
RWANDATRIBUNE.COM
